Differential gearing



March 17. 192g. I 1,529,804 i A A. T. NOGRADY v DIFFERENTIAL GEARINGFile July e, 1921 2 sneetsz-sneet 5?/ lidi? CINIMM' March 17. 1925.1,529,804

A. T. NOGRADY DIFFERENTIAL GEARING Filed July 8, 1921 '2 Sheets-Sheet 2Patented Mar. 17, 1925.

ANDOR T. NOGRADY, OF RIVERSIDE, ENTIAL COMPANY, OE WICHITA,

ILLINOIS, v.ASSIGINOIR TO THE NOGRADY DIFFER- KANSAS, A CORPORATION 0FWEST VIRGINIA.

'DIFFERENTIAL GEARING.

Application led lJ'uly 8,

To all whomt may concern.'

Be it known that I, ANnon T. NoeRADY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Riiverside, in the county of Cook and Statev o usefulImprovements in Differentiall Gearing;. and Ido declare the following tobe a full, clear, and exactA description of the invention, such as willenable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and usethe same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to thefigures of reference marked thereon, which `torm a part of this secification.

This inventlon relates to locking differential gearing and particularlyto a mechanlsm utilized for driving aligning separated parts or'sections of a driven axle of a motor vehicle whereby the driving powermay be applied through the axle members to the ground wheels and wherebyvariation in the speed of the respective wheels of the vehicle ispermitted when deviating from a straight course, the construction beingsuch that when either wheel loses traction, a thrust within the gearingeffects an engagement with the axle members so that they are driven as aunit.

In the event, however, that one wheel is relatively retarded and theother is relatively advanced, as in the case when dif-A ferentiating,the engagement of the gears is released so that a free actingdifferential movement is permitted.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a differential gearingwhich generically conforms to the conventional embodlment of adifferential gearing but which includes means for engaging certain ofthe parts together in an efficient and convenient manner for the purposespecified.

The invention contemplates the provision of means for shifting thethrusts of certain elements so that the aligning members of a split axlemay be driven as a single axle or s0 that the axle members may bepermitted to differentiate.

The general embodiment of my invention is disclosed in my Patent No.1,361,895, December 14, 1920. In that patent the axle members or thrustacutators control the ,thrusts b certain cam devices specificallyillustrate as spiral splines. l

In the present invention the cams are housed Illinois, have inventedcertain new andl 1921. Serial No. 483,158.

s hown as applied to the exterior portions of the thrust actuators andco-opcrate with the gears'v of the differential gearing so that thethrusts may be controlled within the differential housing to cause thetwo axle members to move together at the speed of the driving member(which may be the housing) or to differentiate. The same genericprinciple, however, present in my Patent No. 1,361,895, prevailsthroughout the present application.

. In the drawings,

Flg. 1 is a perspective view of certain of the gear elements and part ofthe housmg.

Fig. 2 is a detail of the tuator. A

Fig. 3 is a detail perspective view of one of the thrust actuators, and

Flg. 4 is a transverse sectional view through the gear housing, showingone end of the housing in elevation to illustrate the arrangement of thelubricatinggrooves.

Referring now to the drawings by the reference numerals:

1 designates a mastergear suitably fastened to the flange 2 on themember 3 of the two-part housing consisting of the member 3 and themember 4. The two members 3 and 4 are fastened together by suitablefastening devices, as bolts 5 and when brought together, form a housingor casing for the gears, pinions and thrust members of the lockingdifferential. i

The members 3 and 4 are provided with ppositely disposed sleeves `6 and7 to receive the complementary parts of the axle (not shown), it beingunderstood that the differential operates with a split axle as is commonpractice. h

Within the housing is a ring-7 having radial arms 8, which are receivedin recesses 9 in the housingl and which constitute a spider, the radialarms 8 receiving the pinions 10, which mesh with the driven members A--Acomprising gears 11 and 12. The gears 11 and .12 are provided withbeveled teeth 13 on one face and with cams 14 on the opposite face, thegears being in the form of rings and having central openings 15receivable upon the tubular portions 16 of the axle receiving'membersB--B constituting thrust'members. The axle memperspective view ofl onegears co-operatmgwlth a thrust acline but when differentiating,

the rear faces 25 bers are in the form of tubes or cylindrical membersand have tubular portions 16 exinclined ends 21 and 22 adapted tocontact with inclined ends 23 and 24 of the cams 20 on the thrustmembers 19 and are adaptcd to ride one on the other so yas to imart alongitudinal thrust to the thrust mem ers 19. The thrust set up betweenthe gears and thethrust members will tend to force of the thrust membersagainst` the thrust faces 26 in the housing so as to lock all of theparts together when they motor vehicle is driven in a straight the wheelscribing the greatest arc, or the outside wheel in making a turn, willrelieve itself of thrust and be permitted to rotate faster than theinner wheel. v

In order to providefor lubrication between the outer faces of the thrustmembers and the thrust faces of the housing I have provided the thrustfaces 26 of the housing with intercommunicating grooves consisting oftwo circular grooves 27 and 28, eccentric to the axis or center of thehousing and eccentric to one another. The rooves are shown ascommunicating one wit the other by the cross grooves 29 and 30 atdiametrically opposite points and midway between these points areadditional radial grooves 31 and 32 which extend from the inner edges ofthe clutch faces 26 to the perimeter thereof and the oil is adapted tocommunicate with said grooves through openings 33 in the gears andopenings 34 in the thrust members. The pinions 10 are also providedwith'clutch faces 35 which are adapted to bear against clutch faces 36on the housing, as clearly seen in Fig. 2. v

As the gears rotate about their axes, the meshing teeth of the drivingand driven gears will act as geared pumps to squeeze the lubricantthrough the openings 33 and 34 into thel grooved portions of the clutchfaces on the housing so that a lubricating system will 'be provided,insuring feeding .of the lubricant into the grooves of the clutch faces.The lubricant may circulate around the grooves' and intermittently beforced out into'the gear case through the radial grooves 31^ and 3 2. Itwill, therefore, be seen that a film of lubricant may at all times beprovided between the clutc of the developed power communicated toi thegear 1.

If the vehicle deviates from a4 straight line as, for example, in makinga turn, the outside wheel may increase its s eed, allowing the insidegear 11 or 12, as t e case may be, to rotate faster than itscomplementary gear member. The pinions will tend to force thev gearstendtomove radially with reference to the axle shaft and longitudinal]with reference to their spider shafts.. he thrust'set up by such atendency will cause the faces o bind against the clutch faces and thehousing so that all of ythe gears will en housin axle. herefore, all thepower. generated in the ear 1 will be communicated to the wheel havingtraction vand no loss of take place as would be the case i the wheellosing traction were permitted to 'spin idly, taking power and expendingit in more than useless energy,y 4destroying. both tire and roadbed. l

It will be apparent, of course, that suitable lubricating openin s maybe provided wherever expedient. T e gear` housing consisting of themembers 3 and 4 may be roase the lubricant will distribute itse f overthe moving parts, the teeth of the intermeshing 11 and 12 apart andalso.

the complementary Vclutch members tov thus producing the effect o asolid power will vided with slots 37, through which a lu Yrigears beingparticularly effective in forcing the lubricantthrou h the openin "s 33an 34 into the groove portions of t e clutch faces 26.

In the claims I shall refer to the binding of the thrust faces withtheir seats as en-4 gagements therewith, -having in mind frictionalengagement or positive engagement, dependent upon whether the thrustfaces vand seats are simply friction faces or constructed forA sitiveengagement.

Attention 1s also called to` the fact that the movement between thethrust elements and their thrust faces and between thegears and theirpinionsv is very sli ht so that in practice, the actual shifting o gearis differentiating, relatively close clear-' the gears and pinions willbe hardly) perceptible, the onlA eing t lll ances may be providedWithout causing the necessary thrusts to effecting binding of the parts.l

It will also be apparent that the major portion of the thrusts will beexerted between the outer faces of the thrust members 19 and the clutchfaces 2G and that in addition to the engagement between the clutch faces25 and 26, there will be a tendency for the faces 38 of the pinions tobind against the faces 39 of the housing so that when the vehicle ismoving in a straight line, there Will be an effective locking of theparts.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters-Patent is:

l. In a beveled differential gearing, a housing, pinion gears rotatablewith the housing and rotatable about their own axes, aligning axlemembers Within the housing having thrust collars, mating gears betweenthe thrust collars and the pinions, spaced cams on the matin gearsconsisting of flat faces with bevele edges and alternating with likecams on the thrust members, and

thrust faces on the housing to be engaged by the thrust faces on thethrust collars, the mating gears and thrust collars having oilpassageways spaced at definite intervals to supply oil between thethrust collars and the thrust faces, and the thrust faces on the housingbeing provided with oil grooves.

2. In a differential gearing, housing, pinion gears on the housing,tubular axle members Within the housing and having thrust collars,mating gears meshing With the pinion gears, alternating projections onthe mating gears and thrust collars and having beveled edges, theprojections on the gears being interposed between the projections on thecollars, clutch faces on the housing to be engaged by the collars, andmeans for creating a circulation of fluid through the mating gearsandthe collars and between the clutch faces and the collars.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

ANDOR NOGRADY.

